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| Humanoid robot Jia Jia greets fans at 2016 Summer Davos Forum in Tianjin | |
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This is a summary of a series of articles originally written in Chinese and can be referred to in the links below:
#牙套臉 探討系列之一：從90°側面看東方人與西方人臉型的特徵 - KPF分析法
#牙套臉 探討系列之二：用KPF分析[冰與火之歌：權力遊戲]的人物角色
#牙套臉 探討系列之三：Perseo's KPFm - 改良版的KPF, 更廣大的適用於除了北歐裔白人以外的族群
author: C.L. Lo, D.D.S.
This article will discuss a method of lateral profile photo analysis, Kieferprofilfeld(KPF), as proposed by A.M. Schwarz in 1958 and a following modification by G. Perseo in 2002 (KPFm). The German term Kieferprofilfeld translates to Jaw Profile Field(JPF) or Gnathic Profile Field in English.
The author of this article finds it applicable in depicting certain facial features characteristic of the Chinese super-ethnic group as compared to those of the Westerners' (particularly of Northern European descent).
The soft-tissue landmarks used in KPF and KPFm reside in the mid and lower face. These landmarks are of use to compare the jaws, cheekbones, and noses of the referred super-ethnic groups.
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| To draw the Frankfurt Horizontal, first find the Porion(Po) and Orbitale(Or). |
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| Define the soft tissue landmark Nasion(N'). |
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| Adjust to the Frankfurt Horizontal, and make two vertical lines passing through Or and N'. The area between these two vertical lines is the Kieferprofilfeld(KPF). |
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| Soft tissue landmarks Subnasale(Sn) and Pogonion(Pg') are labeled. Their positions in relation to the KPF determine the degree of protrusion or retrusion of the upper and lower jaws respectively. In this respect, Jia Jia is of bimaxillary protrusion. | | | | | | | | |
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| The model on the left has the Subnasale(Sn~A) lying on the Nasion vertical line(±1/4KPF width) and the Pogonion within KPF. This is the ideal lower face profile per KPF standards. The author of this article would like to point to the width of Jia Jia's KPF being reduced with a relatively shallower nasal root(N') and a more prominent cheekbone(Or). |
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| G. Perseo's modification of the original KPF works in transposing the original KPF(left, yellow lines) to adjust to the Subnasale vertical line to create a new KPFm (middle and right, red lines) field of the same width as the original. |
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| In the modified method, G. Perseo also proposed that the soft tissue landmark
to determine the degree of protrusion or retrusion of the lower jaw is
to be changed to Sublabiale(Sl~B),
as it is the soft tissue equivalent to the alveolar B point (while Sn is already its counterpart to the A point). Here, the two vertical
lines have been transposed to the modified anterior border of the
Subnasale(Sn~A) vertical line. Sublabiale(Sl~B)
falls well within the new KPFm, which indicates that the degree of
protrusion of the lower jaw is comparable to that of the upper. |
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| Ricketts' Esthetic Plane drawn in pink: Jia Jia's profile is esthetically pleasing and there is no disharmony. |
Pictures courtesy of Dottore Gianluca Perseo:
G. Perseo, A well known modified lower face profile analysis for all
ethnic types and its contribution to cephalometric skeletal classes.
Virtual Journal of Orthodontics [serial online] 2002 May 15; 4(3):
Available from URL:
http://www.vjo.it/043/kpfm.htm
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